The European Commission opened antitrust probes on hub-to-hub codeshare arrangements between Lufthansa and Turkish Airlines and between Brussels Airlines and TAP Portugal

. In both instances, the partners operate code shares on hub routes where they also compete, which "may distort competition leading to higher prices and less service quality," according to EC. The investigations will focus on Munich-Istanbul and Frankfurt-Istanbul, routes on which Lufthansa and Turkish Airlines "are the major operators," and Brussels-Lisbon, where Brussels Airlines and TAP "are the only operators," according to EC.